ABSTRACT
The fatty acid contents in soybean oil, corn oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil and fish oil were detected by gas chromatography. According to the characteristics of fatty acids of raw oil and the relevant regulations of GB 10765-2010,the formula of 6 kinds of human milk lipid substitutes was designed by Matlab software and Excel linear programming. At the same time, the Schaal oven accelerated oxidation method was used to study the oxidation process of 6 formulations using synchronous fluorescence technique combined with traditional chemical reagents (oxidation index:peroxide value,value of fennel and total oxidation value). By statistical analysis of data, the statistical relationship between fluorescence intensity and oxidation index was explored. The results showed that the main fatty acids of coconut oil were lauric acid and myristic acid,and its saturated fatty acid content was the highest 93.75% ±0.06%;while all the other oils were mainly composed of palmitic acid,linoleic acid and other components,wherein the fish oil had the highest content of unsaturated fatty acid. With the increase of oxidation time,the fluorescence intensity decreased gradually and the oxidation index value increased continuously. The correlation analysis and regression analysis results showed that the change of oxidation index and the fluorescence intensity of 6 samples had negative correlation, and the fluorescence intensity and the peroxide value and total oxidation value was quadratic linear correlation, and anisidine value as a linear correlation had strong correlation.
ABSTRACT
Óleos contendo alta proporção de ácidos graxos ômega-3 (n-3 FA) têm sido aplicados na formulação de alimentos ou comercializados como suplementos, com a finalidade de reduzir o risco cardiovascular, principalmente devido aos seus efeitos hipotriglicêmicos e anti-inflamatórios. No entanto, a susceptibilidade à oxidação dos n-3 FA é elevada, levando à formação de vários produtos secundários, incluindo alguns tóxicos e potencialmente aterogênicos. Por esta razão, compostos naturais com propriedades antioxidantes têm sido investigados com o objetivo de melhorar a estabilidade oxidativa dos óleos com alta proporção de n-3 FA. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a capacidade antioxidante de dois compostos naturais (ácido sinápico e hidrato de rutina) utilizando-se um modelo acelerado para oxidar os óleos. Foram combinados cinco indutores (Temperatura; Ferro- Fe2+; 2,2'-Azobis dicloridrato de 2-amidinopropano - AAPH; ascorbil palmitato - AP e 2,2'-azobis -2,4-dimetilvaleronitrilo - AMVN) em um delineamento fatorial (25-1) com ½ fração de "resolução V" para acelerar a oxidação de três óleos (linhaça, Echium e peixe) contendo diferentes fontes de n-3 FA: ácido α-linolênico (ALA), ácido estearidônico (SDA) e ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) + ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre os marcadores de oxidação (LOOH e TBARS) estimados pelos modelos e os valores observados experimentalmente. Os indutores AMVN e Fe2+ foram os principais fatores responsáveis pelo aumento da concentração de TBARS. Os valores dos marcadores oxidativos obtidos 48 h após a indução foram semelhantes ou superiores àqueles observados nas amostras oxidadas a 60°C por 15 dias, sendo ambos maiores que os valores observados nas amostras de óleo frescas. Entre os compostos voláteis formados pela oxidação de diferentes fontes de n-3 FA, (E, E) 2,4 -heptadienal, (E, E) 2,4-decadienal, decanal, undecanal e (E) -2-undecenal foram identificados em todas as amostras, podendo ser utilizados como marcadores oxidativos mais específicos. Utilizando o modelo de oxidação acelerada, o hidrato de rutina melhorou a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de peixe, provavelmente devido à presença de grupos catecol em sua estrutura química. Este estudo contribuiu para que ensaios mais rápidos fossem realizados na avaliação do efeito antioxidante de novas moléculas aplicadas em óleos funcionais comestíveis
Oils containing a high proportion of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have been used in the formulation of foods or sold as supplements, aiming to reduce cardio-vascular risks, mainly due to their hypotriglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, n-3 FA are highey susceptible to oxidation, leading to the formation of several products, including some toxic and potentially atherogenic. For this reason, natural products with antioxidant properties have been investigated to improve the oxidative stability of oils with a high proportion of n-3 FA. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of two natural compounds (sinapic acid and rutin hydrate), using an accelerated model to oxidize the oils. Five inducers were combined (Temperature, Iron-Fe2+, 2,2'-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-AAPH, Ascorbyl palmitate-AP and 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile-AMVN) in a factorial design (25-1) ½ fraction of "resolution V" to accelerate the oxidation of three oils (flaxseed, Echium and fish) containing different sources of n-3 FA: α-linolenic acid (ALA), stearidonic acid (SDA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. There was no difference between the oxidation markers (LOOH and TBARS) estimated by the regression models and the values experimentally observed. The inducers AMVN and Fe2+ were the main factors responsible for the increase of TBARS concentration. The values of the oxidation markers obtained 48h after the induction were similar to or higher than those obtained when the samples were oxidized at 60°C for 15 days, both being more elevated than the values observed in the fresh oils. Among the volatile compounds formed by the oxidation of different sources of n-3 FA, (E, E) 2,4-heptadienal, (E, E) 2,4-decadienal, decanal, undecanal and (E)-2-undecenal were identified in all samples, and could be used as more specific oxidation markers. Using the accelerated model, rutin hydrate improved the oxidative stability of fish oil, probably due to the presence of catechol groups in its chemical structure. This study showed that faster anays could be performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of new molecules applied on edible functional oils